Evaluation of Canon’s Strategies free essay sample

The initial segment of this examination includes an assessment of the procedures utilized by Canon and the key variables for progress. So as to being this audit, it is first important to consider how the organization has acted as of late. Table 1 gave underneath gives a general audit of the organization’s execution lately. The information unmistakably recommends that Canon has gained remarkable ground toward creating piece of the overall industry, incomes and benefit. Notwithstanding paying off its obligation to resource proportion in 2008, the association additionally expanded its investor value to affirm proportion. Table 1: Key Performance Indicators for Canon, 2004-2008 [pic] Data politeness of: http://www. standard. com/ir/yearly/2008/report2008. pdf Other markers of Canon’s achievement are given in Figures 1 and 2 beneath. These delineations give a survey of net deals and ROE/ROA for 2003-2007. Figure 1: Net Sales for CanonFigure 2: ROE/ROA for Canon Data civility of: http://www. group. com/ir/yearly/2007/report2007. pdf With the acknowledgment that Canon has performed so well as of late, it is relevant to consider the particular zones which have declared accomplishment for the association. A significant audit of the case data gave on the association recommends that there are various appropriate procedure components which have been relevant to the accomplishment of the association. Specifically the association has attempted to build up a strategic vision which it has joined on all degrees of its activities. The advancement of a managing strategic the association is basic for progress (Henry 2007). Missions give the establishment to the advancement of significant procedures which can be utilized for pushing the association toward explicit objectives (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). Notwithstanding building up a crucial vision which gave the association an order for activity, Canon likewise built up a firm system concentrated on achievable objectives for tasks. In particular, the association set the particular objective of getting 30 percent of the world market by the 1980s. Exploration with respect to the present status of accomplishing this target recommends that despite the fact that Canon has not had the option to keep up a 30 percent piece of the overall industry in the business, it has defeated contender Xerox to turn out to be second just to Hewlett Packard. Figure 3 underneath gives an audit of worldwide piece of the pie for organizations contending in Canon’s industry. Figure 3: Global Market Share for Canon and Competitors [pic] (Data kindness of â€Å"Office hardware industry profile,† 2008, p. 12) The attention on a particular objective for the association has unmistakably affected results for tasks. By utilizing this particular objective for advancement, Canon has had the option to set clear, quantifiable goals which can be assessed by the association to decide results. Defining quantifiable objectives is a significant part of building up a vital arrangement for the association (Huang, 2009). Quantifiable objectives are seen as basic to the fruitful execution of a vital arrangement which gives critical outcomes to the progressing improvement of the association. Another issue which seems to have had prominent ramifications for the effective advancement of Canon is the utilization of explicit center abilities to guarantee the results of tasks. Notwithstanding building up a key arrangement which gave clear and quantifiable destinations, the association portrayed explicit center abilities which it has had the option to streamline so as to facilitate its key goal and accomplish its objectives. An audit of what has been noted in regards to the utilization of center capabilities recommends that center skills can give the association the capacity to center advancement specifically regions (Zook, 2007). This procedure, thus, makes way for the advancement of the board practice and shapes how the association moves toward the market and its rivals. Collis and Montgomery (2008) give a progressively basic survey of center capabilities taking note of the significance of audit planned center skills with regards to the outside condition in which an association contends. As detailed by these creators, associations need to consider the outer condition and rivals in creating center capabilities. While it is apparent that center abilities must satisfy the inside needs and capacities of the association, Collis and Montgomery state that inappropriate arrangement of center skills considering contenders and the bigger business in which the association works will bring about disappointment of center capabilities to be powerful. In building up its center abilities, Canon seems to have mulled over these issues. The particular results here are seen by the way that during the 1970s, Xerox held a greater part piece of the pie, which it has therefore lost to Canon. During the 1970s, Canon perceived that the recipe for progress being utilized by Xerox was not a similar equation which it needed to seek after in the improvement of its association. In this specific circumstance, Canon decided to seek after an alternate pathway for serious turn of events; one which empowered the organization to orchestrate its inner capacities with the market condition to make a one of a kind upper hand against its biggest opponent. Due to this procedure of creating specific center abilities for tasks, Canon had the option to expand its inside capacities and utilize this as a vital favorable position in the commercial center. In summing up the general methodology utilized by Canon to build up its vital arrangement and resulting the board forms, it appears to be sensible to contend that Canon accomplished something other than place words on paper to set up an establishment for the association. Or maybe, the association built up an exhaustive arrangement for vision, procedure and improvement which were executed on each degree of the organization’s tasks. Notwithstanding portraying the bigger targets for the association, Canon built up the entirety of the middle of the road steps that would be expected to accomplish these goals. In doing as such, the association adjusted the entirety of its exercises toward the accomplishment of the organization’s by and large technique. The improvement of methodology as such is similar with what researchers note about the vital arranging and the executives forms. Kaplan and Norton (2008) affirm that the methodology arranging and advancement forms for the association regularly end in disappointment due to the powerlessness of the association to adequately execute its technique. Further, these creators attest that procedure disappointment is normal due to usage issues which show as associations endeavor to make basic associations between system targets and explicit results which will be accomplished to guarantee that goals are reached. Setting this data into the instance of Canon, it becomes apparent that these issues didn't emerge. Instead of battling to execute, the association created to devices and assets expected to adequately guarantee that it fabricated an establishment which would empower achievement. It is this particular procedure which has empowered the accomplishment of Cannon. At the point when procedure improvement is planned as something other than explicit words on paper the final product is the advancement of a key arrangement which gives solid activity steps to the association to take. With these activity steps set up, the association is better ready to control the advancement of the vital arrangement and its usage (Neilson, Martin Powers, 2008). This component of control in the key arranging process has been noted to be a significant supporter of the accomplishment of key execution. At the point when control is set up in the key arranging process, the association can direct the particular changes which will happen and react to results in a way that is comparable with the abilities of the organization and receptive to the particular outside condition which will affect the results of activities. What Other Companies Can Learn With a fundamental survey of the accomplishment of Canon in the advancement of its system gave, it is currently conceivable to think about what, on the off chance that anything, can be taken in by different organizations from this case. In looking at the turn of events and results of Canon, it becomes apparent that the particular conventions and practices which have been utilized by the association to make progress ought not be imitated by different organizations. Despite the fact that Canon has been very effective in its endeavors to build up its items and administrations, actually different organizations can't hope to utilize a similar recipe for progress and to accomplish similar results accomplished by Canon. Different organizations have endeavored to utilize this methodology in the pastâ€i. . Circuit City, K-Mart, and so on. Despite the fact that imitating another association may give a few advantages for the time being, actually the results accomplished won't furnish an association with a drawn out establishment for improvement. Despite the fact that organizations looking at the instance of Canon will be unable to utilize a similar explicit strategies utilized by the association, Canon employed various gene ral models for key arranging and improvement which could be considered by different associations. Specifically, the advancement of center capabilities for activities is a significant device which different organizations could consider for progress. An assessment of models for the advancement of center capabilities in the association recommends that organizations need in the first place a center technique for the improvement of their activities. When this center technique has been outlined, it is then conceivable to express explicit territories of authoritative advancement by appending them legitimately to the center system. Figure 4 on the accompanying page gives a conventional model of how center competency improvement for the association has been conceptualized in for interpretation of center abilities into organization

Financial Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Money related Management Assignment - Essay Example The dominant part partners were Vodafone Group Plc and Verizon Communications holding 45 percent and 55 percent stakes individually. In the past the two gatherings have attempted to procure higher stake in the element. Yet, the arrangements between them bombed on different occasions because of disappointment in showing up at right cost for the arrangement. At a certain point of time Verizon suspended profit payout to Vodafone for a long time which numerous investigators see as a move that was planned for pushing Vodafone to leave the endeavor. The essential explanation behind such intention was get higher proprietorship in Verizon Wireless that had become the third biggest telecom substance in United States in extremely modest quantity of time. the dealings in regards to stake deal flopped in the past on the grounds that Verizon Communication evaluated that genuine estimation of Verizon Wireless was around $100 billion and it was eager to pay this add up to Vodafone to leave the ende avor. In any case, Vodafone gauges that subsequent to including the immaterial viewpoints and future capability of Verizon Wireless in regularly developing US and European markets ought to be a lot higher (approx $130 billion). In this manner, the arrangement was effectively struck that was near 10 years really taking shape (Financial Times, 2013). The terms and states of the arrangement are so settled upon between the two substances that the adjustment in proprietorship structure won't sway the administrations to odd 100 million clients of Verizon Wireless. The securities exchanges responded emphatically to the arrangement declaration. The offer costs of Vodafone flooded to multi year high in the universal securities exchanges in this way expanding shareholders’ riches by taking complete market capitalisation of the organization to every new high (Reuters, 2013). Interestingly the offer costs of Verizon Communications rose by roughly 3 percent on the day when Vodafone formally reported the arrangement. Increasingly explicit subtleties of the arrangement uncovers that Vodafone will get about $59.8 billion in real money; remaining $60.1 billion

Lab 3 Determinates of Water Hardness

Assurance of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Heather Crall Chemistry 1 SMT-271044 10/17/2012 Abstract From seeing the entirety of my outcomes and end I currently observe that I didn’t comprehend this lab well indeed and that it is difficult when others attempt to help. Since I have hard water it reveals to me that my water streams over and through rocks and minerals, similar to limestone. Reason The motivation behind this lab is to get comfortable with the idea of water hardness. We discover that hard water contains significant levels of broke up minerals that are as metallic ions.Most of Ohio which is the state I live in either has tolerably hard water or hard water. For as my town the city is moderate and the nation is hard. Methodology 1) Put wellbeing things on 2) Place the stopcock in the shut situation on the finish of the titrator and load up with 10 mL of EDTA arrangement. 3) Put a folded up paper towel under the titrator and permit a couple of drops of the answer for fall into the towel. Thusly it fills the tip of the titrator at that point close and discard the towel. At that point place the 100 mL measuring utencil under the arrangement. 4) Use the graduated chamber to quantify precisely 10 mL of faucet water from your sink. ) Pour the faucet water into the recepticle then include 5 drops of pH 10 cradle arrangement. Twirl cautiously the blend in the measuring glass. 6) Read the volume of EDTA in the titrator and record the underlying volume. At that point gradually open the stopcock and include 1 drop at once while whirling the mixture.7) Once the arrangement turns a light blue-dim shading turn the stopcock off then record the last volume in the titrator. 8) Repeat stages 4-7 and fill in Table 1. 9) Pour the remainder of the substance down the channel Data Table 1: EDTA titration volume| | Initial EDTA Volume (mL)| Final EDTA Volume (mL)| Total Volume of EDTA Used (mL)| Trial 1| 9 mL| 7. mL| 1. 6 mL| Trial 2| 8 mL| 6. 6 mL| 1. 4 mL| Trial 3| 7mL| 5. 2 mL| 1. 8 mL| Average Volume of EDTA Used (mL): 1. 6 mL | Data Table 2: Water Hardness| Average Volume of EDTA Used (mL)| Concentration Ca^2+ particles per Liter of Water (mol/L)| Water Hardness (ppm CaCO3)| 1. 6 mL| 0. 015 mol/L| 1,500. 9 ppm CaCO3| Results A) Based on the examination of your nearby water, okay arrange its hardness as delicate, moderate, hard, or extremely hard? Clarify your answer. My water is reasonably hard despite the fact that it’s the city we despite everything have plumbing issues because of our dirt and the minerals in our town.The nation all has hard water so the arrangement with rust and greater stops up than the city. B) Approximately what amount of calcium would you ingest by drinking eight 8-oz glasses of your nearby water? Clue: 1 oz(fluid ounces) =29. 57 mL 8oz= 236. 56 236. 56*8= 1,892. 48 mL taking everything into account it appears as if my outcomes have come to show that I have hard water when taking a gander at the last chart how ever to have it state 1,500 discloses to me that my outcomes is conceivably inaccurate. From what I comprehend it shows that the calcium carbonate is exceptionally high in my town.

Essay on “Operations and Logistics Management”

Essay on â€Å"Operations and Logistics Management† Introduction Logistics management as the governance supply sequence functions as gone under some transformations in the recent past. The activities involved in the logistics management like; outbound and inbound fleet management, inventory management, materials handling, warehousing, transportation management, order fulfillment, supply/demand planning, logistics network design, and management of other logistics service and product providers, has also grown and led to adoption of new ICT systems. These logistics functions do include; packaging and assembly, sourcing and procurement, customer service, scheduling and production planning. The functions have seen the use of ICT systems like GIS, GPS, Warehouse Management Systems, Transport Management Systems, among others. The systems have helped in execution and planning all parts of the logistics management from the tactical, operational to strategic parts. In addition, the systems have helped in integrating the functions which coordinates all the logistics activities. The other functions of finance, sales manufacturing, marketing, and information technology, have also improved. This has helped the way companies manage the supply chain. The paper will try to evaluate the key components of logistics management. In addition, the major ICT systems in the logistics plus their benefits and challenges in adopting an applying the technology will be analyzed. Operations Management and Logistics In any organization, operations are the base of functions. This is whether the company is a nonprofit or service industry or manufacturing. The operations management and logistics involves various disciplines like; human resource management, quality management, product development, logistics, and information technology. The operations of the company encompass the performance management of the building or design engineers in delivery performance, prediction of production, and quality-feedback loops. Moreover, the plan of the information architectures and supply chain management are also included in the operations management. There are both the practical and theoretical techniques and tools of management operations. These entail the analysis of operational performance of companies and explaining them in according to quality, time, and cost. In addition, the performance improvement is considered by redesigning new business processes (Tomaz, 2011, p. 1136). The main aim of operations and logistics management are to create suitable services and goods. This should be, in accurate quantity and quality and, to distribute them at the correct time and place. This leads to a considerable contribution in the operations of the organization. The operations and logistics management in a business set up includes; management, implementation, and design of systems, for the efficient use raw materials, personnel, finished goods, physical facilities, information, process inventories, products or services. This encompasses the entire supply chain that runs from acquirement of raw materials, production stage, to consumption point. The management of logistics and operations needs the knowledge of computers, quantitative models, and effective communication. The objectives and goals of logistics and operations management are to move gods, products, and services from the manufacturer, to the consumer through the supply chain. This should move at the right ti me and place (Abrahamsson, 2004, p. 96). This is the reason why the logistics managers have a significant role to play in liaising with the retailers, manufacturers, customers, and suppliers. The manager of a logistics company has various roles. These duties can include; warehousing, stock control, transportation, and monitoring, the flow of materials and goods. In addition, the day to day running of activities and making sure that cost, quality, and the supply chain is efficient and meets the right standards are the duties of a logistics manager. The job needs skills like; providing leadership, monitoring stock, keeping records, relating with suppliers and customers, managing receipts, and dispatch and storage of goods. In addition, strong organizational and leadership skills are required for the job. This is because quick decisions are expected in the supply chain. ICT and Supply Chain Management There is a relationship between ICT and supply chain management. This relationship has led to various studies and academic research. However, the discussion of the relationship has been fragmented and limited. There are components of ICT that are related to the supply chain management. In addition, there are also some interrelation between the supply chain management and ICT. This is in the leading applications and components of the ICT systems. The e-SCM is a new technology in management in relation to ICT (Ilia, Elmazi Bazini, 2011, p. 35). The supply chain management has seen the rise of the electronic supply chain management that has different components. This has given rise to opportunities for firms. The components have enhanced and improved the operations of firms that have employed the use of e-SCM. Managing of the supply chain has changed tremendously over the years. The supply chain involved the use of manual tracking systems, face to face management, wired communication links, paper dominated order processing systems. These were the management tools and ways in which the logistics managers operated initially. These tools and techniques have become obsolete over the past years. The tools and systems have given way to more developed systems and methods. Many nations have adopted the use of the modern systems in their supply chain management methods. The firms in these countries have successfully experimented with the knowledge management and supply chain networks (Rudberg Olhager, 2003). The experience has led to the adoption of the new systems that incorporate the use of ICT. The new methods have been used in the supply chains, in governments and business sector. This has made supply chain management gain much significance in the marketing field. This has made SCM become a vital marketing process that has an affirmative sway on the shareholder value. The supply chain networks, however, are becoming more complex. This is because of the global imbalance in the labor market. These costs force the firms to source from other countries that have cheaper labor. This is to help the firms to control their production costs so as to remain competitive in the market. The other reason as to why the SCN are becoming more complex is because of customers and consumers of products and services of various firms. They are increasingly becoming more sophisticated. The customers are demanding more customized products, in the markets. They want services, products, and goods that can better meet their various needs. The product variations in the market make the demand forecasting even trickier. The firms are made to predict on both the option mix and volumes. This is instead of the solitary demand model that they were accustomed in the production of products for customers. Moreover, the increased various product types have resulted, into a larger numbe r of manufacturers and suppliers, to administer higher harmonization costs. This has made the firms that are in the same supply chain, to coordinate with each other, so as, to optimize their processes. The complex network of warehouses, suppliers, factories, and distribution and retail centers, make the success of the SCMs to be difficult. This calls for better management of the system components in order to succeed in the complex networks. The success has called for the coming of information in the chain. This has made information become the main player in recent years in shaping the efficiency of a multifaceted enterprise (Shavazi, Abzari Mohammadzadeh, 2009, p. 2072). The aptitude of a business to route information and make quick, but, the correct decisions are the key to a promised growth. Therefore, it has become essential to estimate and forecast the supply and demand of the unprocessed materials. This is from the point of sale locations and reorganizing the structure of business where it is needed. An organization needs to integrate both the material flow and information so as to realize the objectives and goals of a system. The integration can make the system be, in a posi tion, to provide access to information, execute, and help in decision making processes. The significance of ICT in operations and logistics management has seen the increase of capital spending in information and communication technology in many countries. This is because the impact of ICT has been felt in the different sectors of the economy. The effect has been seen from the conceptual models that have been undertaken. The empirical ground models are the ones that have been presented so far. These studies have indicated that ICT has a significant and positive impact on the economic growth and labor productivity. ICT is expected to maintain to have a fundamental part in the management of the supply chains in the future. The use of ICT is more significant in fast moving industries, more so, in managing the modern supply networks. Furthermore, the relationship of the ICT and SCM makes it difficult to determine the one that contributes and has more benefits than the other. This can be shown by the example of implementing the VMI6-model with the EDI7-information transmiss ion that can lead to a considerable reduction of inventories. In addition, the implementation of the scheme leads to an augment in the material accessibility. The question is to determine if the benefits can be achieved without the use of EDI. For example, the exchange of the information by use of fax has effects. The other option is if it is possible to exchange of the information using another method. He considerations of the benefits and impacts of ICT should be done with most favorable situations and recording the results. Transport and Logistics Services The high quality availability of transport and logistics services (TLS) has improved management of supply chain. This has become a significant aspect in the competitiveness and growth of the economy. There are impacts and barriers that are involved in the information and communication (ICT), in logistics and transport services. This affects the users of the ICT logistics. In addition, there are several types of ICT use, application areas, future and barriers of application of the ICT use. The ICT systems have been useful in improving the systems of transportation in the supply chain. This calls for further investing for firms that use the logistics and transport in their services. The focus and evaluation should entail new technologies, which will streamline the processes further. The systems should allow for the sharing of information with partners in the same supply chain. In addition, the systems should add more and deliver value to employees, customers, and shareholders. The flow of services and goods between the manufacturers and customers should be improved by the use of new ICT systems. The integration of transport, information, warehousing, packaging, material handling, inventory, and security is enhanced by use of ICT systems. The systems add value to the logistics channel part of the supply chain. They help in utilizing the time and space used in the supply chain. Furthermore, the systems help in solving some of the complexities involved in the production logistics. They model, visualize, analyze, and optimize the supply chain by use of simulation software’s (Kiisler, 2008, p. 372). The logistics and transport services are a significant component of a flourishing economy. They enable the movement of services, people, and goods efficiently. These components should arrive at the right destinations at the right time and retained in the right quality and quantity. This should happen as they respect the levels of service that are involved in the process. ICT systems are significant in managing TLS organizations. This is because the firms need to manage their information efficiently and effectively in order to integrate various activities. The activities involved include; warehousing, distribution, fleet management, outbound and inbound transportation. This should be managed effectively so as to streamline the physical flow of services and products to consumers. ICT systems help in having the precise information, at the exact place, and at the correct instance. This is significant in the paradigm of physical goods and services. The systems give equal application in the administration of information. The TLS companies can employ the use of e-business technology in their businesses. This will help in enhancing their productivity and efficiency. In addition, an integrated approach in developed. This links the transport modes in more innovative methods. In the end, there is an enhancement in the value of services that are offered. The ICT logistics users in different firms across the world acknowledge the significant of the systems in their services. The impact and barriers of the information and communication (ICT) in their operations is significant. The systems developed have increased the efficiency of logistics and transport components in their firms. The transport facilitation involves the harmonization, simplification, and standardization of the international transport methods to realize proficient trading networks. In addition, the transport procedures are automated, and their fundamental operational activities are incorporated in the ICT system (Harland Lamming, 2001, p. 23). The integration of ICT in logistics and transport is a significant exploit in achieving accuracy, reliable, speedy flow, and cost reduction of the information and goods. The companies that are involved in transport and logistics services, therefore; need to invest more in new technologies. These will help the firms to streamline their services and processes, by allowing the sharing of information with the associates in the supply chain. In addition, the systems help in adding more value to the shareholders, employees, and customers services. The impacts of ICT are significant in the benefits and cost areas. Conclusion The conventional ways of managing the supply chain have transformed over the years. The systems that have been in place like; face to face management, paper dominated order processing systems, manual tracking systems, and wired communications are changing. These are the tools that the supply chain managers have been using. This has changed to new systems like extranet and intranet, e-business, e-procurement, electronic internet marketing, and the use of internet in the administration the supply chains. The digitization and information technology has impacts on supply chain and their management. The various aspects and components of ICT have effect on the varied parts of the SCM. The managers are provided with ideas on how ICT can be used and employed in the improvement of the management supply chain systems. In addition, the internet growth has provided the supply chains with various significant opportunities in service improvements and cost reduction. Furthermore, the internet gives access to knowledge and information in an inexpensive and faster way. However, the internet alone is not enough in ensuring efficiency and responsiveness. In achieving success, the supply chain should be designed to achieve an efficient flow of products. The electronic supply chain management has the opportunity for future and, hence firms should take advantage of the opportunities presented. The observations that have been made in theory and practical studies give varied operations and strategies in different tracks, in different directions (Storey, 2006, p. 276). Organizations that have with active business environments with additional marketing channels, heavier market segments, high pressure on profit margins, increased globalization on supplier and customer side, results to competitive weakness. The improvement of the industrial distribution, dynamic challenges, and management of the interaction between market operations and strategies should be employed in the dynamic busine ss environment. The theories in the market logistics, strategies, flexibility, and

Slavery - 1001 Words

Slavery was like an addiction that the south could not break. Although it provided economic benefits to both the north and the south, the addiction or â€Å"curse† bound the people to the downfalls of slavery as well. Slavery created an oligarchy of which a small aristocracy of slave-owners would dominate political, economic, and social affairs of both blacks and whites. The institutions negative impact on the South, and even the entire nation would eventually lead to a great tragedy: the civil war. Although the institution of slavery oppressed enslaved individuals, the effects were felt beyond the large slave population. Often, â€Å"the whites of the [southern] region were also touched by an institution [slavery] which was central to their way†¦show more content†¦Slavery may have helped produce abundant amounts of cotton cheaply, but it also cursed those who were tangled in the grip of this â€Å"peculiar institution†. Wealthy slaveholding families also dom inated politics on both a regional and national level in the ante-bellum era. Slavery, like land, was seen as a sign of wealth, and wealth would provide families with the means to educate their children at private institutions. These families would lose their â€Å"investments† (slaves), if slavery was outlawed, therefore the system was â€Å"at the core of southern politics, determining issues and influencing men† (192). The need to defend slavery even led to the ultimate demise of the Whig party in the south. Slavery, according to Carl N. Degler, â€Å"gave a new, but false, unity to southern political thought† (192). Although the institution of slavery may have unified the south, the effects were temporary, and southern political freedom was cursed with restrictions. The political ideals of the south established by the cursed institution of slavery would eventually clash with northern abolitionists to cause the great American tragedy, the Civil War. The South ’s addiction to slavery in the early 1800’s would lead to great impacts on the region, as well as the nations. Slaveries economic blessing came at the price of the nation’sShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesThere has been an ongoing debate on whether Christianity condoned or condemned slavery. In this essay, I will discuss how slave owners used biblical context to uphold the institution of slavery. I will begin analyzing scriptures in the bible that pertain to slavery. It is in my belief that the Bible did not condone slavery in the way that slave owners upheld slavery. I do not argue against that there were not slaves by bondage but they were not enslaved against their will but through the will ofRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages This was the period of post-slavery, early twentieth century, in southern United States where blacks were still treated by whites inhumanly and cruelly, even after the abolition laws of slavery of 1863. They were still named as ‘color’. Nothing much changed in African-American’s lives, though the laws of abolition of slavery were made, because now the slavery system became a way of life. The system was accepted as destiny. So the whites also got license to take disadvantages and started exploitingRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery999 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch and taking the Slavery footprint quiz I realized just how much my life and lifestyle depended on slavery. I, like most people, do not think about where my clothes came from or where the diamond in the engagement ring came from; subsequently, I alone depend on 43 slaves. 43 individuals somewhere in the world are being forced to work or work for little to nothing. I cried after reading about prese nt time slavery because like most people in today’s age, I believed slavery ended in President Lincoln’sRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery933 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery, up to this point has progressively gotten weaker. In 1787 slavery is made illegal in the northwest territory. In 1793 Eli Whitney made the cotton gin making the demand for slaves increase. In 1820 the missouri compromise was written to ban slavery in all states above the northern missouri border. 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The origins of the widespread African slavery in America as we know today started in early colonial America when people needed cheapRead MoreSlavery, Racism, And Slavery Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery began before racism in North America. To prove this I will provide an analysis of chronological events that displayed acts of slavery and racism. With that being said, Initially I will be delving into the earliest implementations of slavery in North America. That being Jamestown Virginia 1619. Secondly, analysing an extract from 1655, where an African man named Anthony Johnson claimed to own another black individual, John Casor as his property. Subsequently, moving onto Winthrop D Jord anRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreSlavery : Slavery And Slavery901 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America started in 1619 when settlers brought over African Americans to Jamestown, Virginia. The slaves came to Jamestown to work on the tobacco plantations. The slaves were also sent to other colonies such as South Carolina to work on the cotton plantations. Slaves were people who worked for no pay. This caused the land owners to make more profit from their plantations because they didn’t have to pay their workers. Southern slave owners, specifically in South Carolina, relied on slavery

The Ejercito Zapatista De Liberacion Nacional - 1830 Words

The Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (EZLN) is a current revolutionary group that resides in Chiapas, Mexico. Chiapas is state with a large majority of the population that has indigenous blood. With that being said they are very connected to their indigenous roots compared to other countries. With the start of the Mexican Revolution there were many people living in poverty and without land. Large amounts of wealthy Mexicans were owners of the grand majority of the land. A main problem that many believed that was resolved with the end of the Mexican War was the redistribution. Sadly, this phase of the war never reached Chiapas. For decades they were living in poverty and working for others. Consequently, many indigenous people ultimately revolted with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), because it made the peasants lose more money than they originally had. With the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (EZLN) it demonstrated that the indigenous people were proud of their roots and that they would do anything to keep their dignity even if they were still peasants. MEXICAN REVOLUTION The start of the Mexican Revolution came about with the dictatorship of Porfiro Diaz. Porfiro Diaz was the president who came after Benito Juarez, the first indigenous president of Mexico. At Diaz was liked by many of the elite in Mexico due to the fact that they were able to gain wealth. One often forgets about the other side when wealth is being gained on oneShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is A Source Of Anxiety Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesare movements that promote alternative forms of globalization, which support the breaking down of national borders, but reject the economic inequality found in capitalist systems. One such movement is Mexico’s Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejà ©rcito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional, or EZLN). The EZLN promotes a far-left ideology based around a mixture of anarcho-socialism and traditional Mayan ideals. Their primary concern is resisting the encroachment of the state and of industry on their

Does Right to Life Include Right to Die free essay sample

No work can be successful without the guidance and blessing of elders and this work is no exception. It is a matter of immense pleasure to express my gratitude to my faculty Hon’ble Prof. S. K. Gaur for his guidance and excellent insights which gave direction andfocus to this paper. I thank him for lending his precious time in making this assignment anauthentic piece of work. He regularly guided me. I also owe sincere gratitude to the staff at library for always helping in the process of finding material and other sources for research. I am very grateful to my senior Mr. Animesh Kumar and all the individuals involved in the subgroup for their contributions and assistance in compiling this assignment and the recommendations that go with it: they are the outcome of an open, interactive and creative cooperation. I also thank social networking site for searching the required information in precise and as per needed. I also thank social networking site for searching the required information in precise and as per needed. How I can forget to give credit and my satisfaction to my friends. My institution and family really supported me throughout in my endeavours to which I am honoured to thank. Protection of Life and Personal Liberty â€Å"Article 21 reads as: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to aprocedure established by law. † The phraseology may be negative, but it has conferred an obligation on the state to ensure good quality of life and a dignified life to the people, which is the positive aspect of the article. According to Bhagwati, J. , Article 21 â€Å"embodies a constitutional value of supreme importance in a democratic society. †Iyer, J. , has characterized Article 21 as â€Å"the procedural magna cartaprotective of life and liberty. This right has been held to be the heart of the Constitution, the most organic and progressive provision in our living constitution, the foundation of our laws. Article 21 secures two rights: * Right to life; and * Right to personal liberty. The Article prohibits the deprivation of the above rights except according to aprocedure established by law. Article 21 can only be claimed when a person is deprived of his â€Å"life† or â€Å"personal liberty† by the â€Å"State† as defined in Article 12. Violation of the right by a private individual is not within the preview of Article 21. Article 21 applies to natural persons. The right is available to every person, citizen or alien. Thus, even a foreigner can claim this right. Right to Life: An Introduction The term â€Å"life† as mentioned in the Article has been given a broad meaning by theSupreme Court. Right to Life does not merely mean the continuance of a person’s animalexistence but a quality of life. In the case of Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, theSupreme Court quoted with approval Field, J. ’s observation in Munn v. Illinois, and held: ‘By the term â€Å"life† as here used something more is meant than mere animal existence. The inhibition against its deprivation extends to all those limbs and faculties by which life is enjoyed. The provision equally prohibits the mutilation of the body by amputation of an arm or leg or the pulling out of an eye, or the destruction of any other organ of the body through which the soul communicates with the outer world. ’ In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, the Supreme Court reiterated with theapproval the above observations and held that the â€Å"right to life† included the right to lead a healthy life so as to enjoy all faculties of the human body in their prime conditions. It would even include the right to protection of a person’s tradition, culture, heritage and all that gives meaning to a man’s life. It includes the right to live in peace, to sleep in peace and the right to repose and health. In P. Rathinam v. Union of India, the Supreme Court defined â€Å"Life† as follows:â€Å"the right to live with human dignity and the same does not connote continued drudgery. It takes within its fold some of the fine graces of civilization which makes life worth living and that the expanded concept of life would mean the tradition, culture and heritage of the person concerned. In Olga Tellis, the Supreme Court has emphasized that the term â€Å"life† in Article 21 is not only restricted to mere animal existence of a person. It means something more and â€Å"the inhibition against the deprivation of life extents to all those limits and faculties by which life is enjoyed. † No Right to Die or Commit Suicide Can the right to life be interpreted to such an extent which leads to its self destruction or self opposition? That is, can it include within its ambit the right not to live or the right to die? The wordEuthanasia comes from the Greek – â€Å"Euthanatos† derived from the words ‘eu’ meaning good and ‘thanatos’meaning death. It is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependant human being for his or her alleged benefit. Somehow the meaning of Euthanasia is explained in light of suicide while suicide is, many agree, considered as murder except that it is the victim who is the author himself. One of its kinds is assisted suicide which happens when someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. â€Å"The word â€Å"euthanasia† is somewhat ambiguous and has several possible meaning. Hence it is appropriate to explain what we mean by the term whenever it is used. For the purpose of this assignment, euthanasia will mean the act of ending the life of a person from compassionate motives, when he is already terminally ill or, when his suffering has become unbearable† Euthanasia is the intentional premature termination of another persons life either by direct intervention (active euthanasia) or by withholding life-prolonging measures and resources (passive euthanasia), either at theexpress or implied request of that person (voluntary euthanasia), or in the absence of such approval (non-voluntary euthanasia). Involuntary euthanasia where the individual wishes to go on living is aneuphemism for murder. Passive euthanasia is usually defined as withdrawing medical treatment with a deliberate intention ofcausing the patients death. For example, if a patient requires kidney dialysis to survive, not giving dialysisalthough the machine is available, is passive euthanasia. Similarly, if a patient is in coma or on a heart lungmachine, withdrawing of the machine will ordinarily result in passive euthanasia. Similarly not giving lifesaving medicines like antibiotics in certain situations may result in passive euthanasia. Denying food to a person in coma may also amount to passive euthanasia. Euthanasia and Suicide were clearly defined in the case NareshMarotraoSakhre v. Union of India J. Lodha stated- â€Å"Suicide by its very nature is an act of self-killing or self-destruction, an act of terminatingone’s own act and without the aid or assistance of any other human agency while Euthanasia or mercy killingon the other hand implies the intervention of other human agency to end the life. Mercy killing is therefore notsuicide and an attempt at mercy killing is not covered by the provisions of Section 309. The two concepts areboth factually and legally distinct. Euthanasia or mercy killing is nothing but homicide whatever thecircumstances in which it is performed. † Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code1860, punishes a person convicted of attempting to commit suicide. There had been difference of opinion on the justification of this provision to continue on the Statute Book. The question came for consideration for first time before the High Court of BombayinState of Maharashtra v. MarutiSripatiDubal. In this case the Bombay High Court heldthat the right to life guaranteed under Article 21 includes right to die, and the Hon’ble High Court struck down Section 309 of the IPC which provides punishment for attempt to commit suicide by a person as unconstitutional. Further in ChennaJagadeeswar v. State of A. P. , the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that the right to die is not a fundamental right under Art. 21 and hence Section 309 of I. P. C is not unconstitutional. In P. Rathinam v. Union of Indiaa Division Bench of the Supreme Court,supporting the decision of the High Court of Bombay in MarutiSripatiDubal Case, heldthat under Article 21 right to life also include right to die and laid down that section 309 of Indian Penal Court which deals with ‘attempt to commit suicide is a penal offence’ unconstitutional. A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in GianKaur v. State ofPunjab,overruled the decision of the Division Bench in the above stated case and has putan end to the controversy and ruled that Section 309 of IPC was neither violative of Article 21nor Article 14. The court held that the â€Å"right to life† under Article 21 did not include â€Å"the right to die. † As observed by Justice J. S. Verma :â€Å"Any aspect of life which makes it dignified may be read into Article 21 of the Constitution but not that which extinguishes it and is therefore inconsistent with the continued existence of life resulting in effacing the right itself†. ‘Right to life’ is a natural right embodied in Art. 21 but suicide is an unnatural termination or extinction of life and, incompatible and inconsistent with the concept of ‘right to life’. Referring to the protagonists of euthanasia’s view that existence in persistent vegetative state was not a benefit to the patient of terminal illness being unrelated to the principle of ‘sanctity of life’ or to the ‘right to live with dignity’ the Court said that this argument was of no assistance to determine the scope of Article 21 of the Constitution for deciding whether the guarantee of ‘right to life’ therein includes the ‘right to die’. The Court made it clear that the ‘right to life’ including the right to live with human dignity would mean the existence of such right upto the end of natural life. This also includes the right to a dignified life upto the point of death including a dignified procedure of death. This may include the right of a dying man to also die with dignity when his life is ebbing out. But the ‘right to die’, with dignity at the end of life is not to be confused with the ‘right to die’ an unnatural death curtailing the natural span of life. The court reiterated that the argument to support the views of permitting termination of life in such cases (dying man who is terminally ill or in a vegetative state) by accelerating the process of natural death when it was certain and imminent was not available to interpret Art. 1 to include therein the right to curtail the natural span of life. ARUNA RAMCHANDRA SHANBAUG v. UNION OF INDIA Recently,Passive euthanasia has been made legal in India. On 7 March 2011 the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in a permanent vegetative state. The decision was made as part of the verdict in a case involving ArunaShanbaug, who has been in a vegetative state for 37 years at King Edward Memorial Hospital. Facts: Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug was a staff Nurse workingin King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai. On the evening of 27th November, 1973 she was attackedby a sweeper in the hospital who wrapped a dog chain around her neck and yanked her back with it. He triedto rape her but finding that she was menstruating, he sodomized her. To immobilize her during this act hetwisted the chain around her neck. The next day on 28th November, 1973 at 7. 45 a. m. a cleaner found herlying on the floor with blood all over in an unconscious condition. It is alleged that due to strangulation by thedog chain the supply of oxygen to the brain stopped and the brain got damaged. She was bed ridden for past 37 years. The Court rejected active euthanasia by means of lethal injection. In the absence of a law regulating euthanasia in India, the court stated that its decision becomes the law of the land until the Indian parliament enacts a suitable law. Active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds for the purpose of ending life, is still illegal in India, and in most countries. While rejecting Pinki Viranis plea for Aruna Shanbaugs euthanasia, the court laid out guidelines for passive euthanasia. According to these guidelines, passive euthanasia involves the withdrawing of treatment or food that would allow the patient to live. As India had no law about euthanasia, the Supreme Courts guidelines are law until and unless Parliament passes legislation. The following guidelines were laid down: 1. A decision has to be taken to discontinue life support either by the parents or the spouse or other close relatives, or in the absence of any of them, such a decision can be taken even by a person or a body of persons acting as a next friend. It can also be taken by the doctors attending the patient. However, the decision should be taken bona fide in the best interest of the patient. 2. Even if a decision is taken by the near relatives or doctors or next friend to withdraw life support, such a decision requires approval from the High Court concerned. 3. When such an application is filed the Chief Justice of the High Court should forthwith constitute a Bench of at least two Judges who should decide to grant approval or not. A committee of three reputed doctors are to be nominated by the Bench who will give report regarding the condition of the patient. Before giving the verdict a notice regarding the report should be given to close relatives and the State. After hearing the parties, the High Court can give its verdict. CONCLUSION Euthanasia, too, is a controversial subject, not only becausethere are many different moral dilemmas associatedwith it, but also in what constitutes its definition. Atthe extreme ends of disagreement, advocates sayeuthanasia, also known as physician aid in dying, orphysician assisted suicide, is a merciful method of death. At the other end are opponents of euthanasia, who mayconsider this method as a form of murder. After the detailstudy of various states legislations and the detail study ofthe cases, still the matteris a question of debate that whether Euthanasia is asuicide or dignified end of life. Many state legalize Euthanasiabut in the high profile state as well as in IndiaEuthanasia is not permitted even after their broaderverdict that right to life means dignified life and this rightto life include dignified end of life too. To provide an ultimate healing touch for the dying, thelogical, the common sense, the compassionate approachfor Euthanasia can be legalized by the interference of lawand legislation for the permissive Euthanasia society. And so far as the misuse is concern it is known that everyboon possesses some curse, even Code of MedicalEthics (Sec. 33 of Indian Medical council Act 1956) mayalso be treated as a safeguard while legalize Euthanasia as a safeguard for the curse. Thus this right to dignified end of life should bebestowed upon the individuals, family, physicians and thesociety at large with necessary dogmatic mechanism. Adecision in time can avoid torment to the dying, canrelease recourses to save other retrievable lives andavert emotional and fiscal agony to the survivors.